#01
鉱床は大谷本坑、赤牛、岩尻、津谷の 4 鉱床群に大別され、操業は多くの鉱脈が集中する本坑鉱床を中心に行われました…
The ore deposits were broadly divided into four groups, namely, Oya-Honko, Akaushi, Iwajiri, and Tsuya deposit groups. The mining operations were centered on the Honko deposit…
県北東部にそびえる長森山の南東中腹に位置し、平泉文化を支えた産金地のひとつとして知られます。 平安末期から鎌倉期にかけて盛んに金が採掘された一方、近世の稼行を示す記録は乏しく、山内には表土中の砂金を採取した往時の採掘跡が広く点在します。 1911 年(明治 44 年)に試掘権を取得した東京の山本徳蔵らは、探鉱を行うとともに残鉱を製錬して粗金を回収し、翌年に採掘権に転願しました。 同年に東京の資本家 三原経国が権利を買収し、3 年後に採鉱を開始して日立鉱山や関東酸曹に売鉱しました。 1921 年(大正 10 年)に福島の十時精一に権利が渡ると、翌年に久原鉱業(後の日本鉱業)が経営に加わり、開発は本格化することとなります。 1929 年(昭和 4 年)に権利を譲り受けた日本鉱業は、津谷、赤牛鉱山を相次いで買収するとともに、1935 年(昭和 10 年)に浮遊選鉱場を設けて生産を拡大しました。 年間産金量は 1 t 近くに増大し、最盛期となる 1939 年(昭和 14 年)の生産量は精鉱 49,870 t、産金量は 1,058 kg に上りました。 しかし、拡張工事を重ねた選鉱場は、1943 年(昭和 18 年)に金鉱業整備令を受けて撤去を余儀なくされ、鉱区とともに帝国鉱業開発に移譲されます。 戦後、日本鉱業は 1949 年(昭和 24 年)に鉱区を買い戻し、2 年後に比重選鉱を併用する青化製錬所を開設し、年間産金量 380 kg 前後で操業を続けました。 その後、日本鉱業は自由化対策として事業の再編に着手し、1962 年(昭和 37 年)に保有鉱山を分社化しました。 鉱況が衰える中、新たに発足した大谷鉱山株式会社は、2 年後に興北鉱業を合併して事業規模を拡大しました。 しかし、鉱石の品位は低下の一途を辿り、大谷は 1971 年(昭和 46 年)に選鉱操業を残して休山に至ることとなります。 山腹には 1951 年(昭和 26 年)建造の青化製錬所跡が今も残ります。
1976 年閉山
The mine was located on the southeastern slopes of Mt. Chonomori in the northeastern part of the prefecture and is known as one of the gold-producing areas supporting the culture of Hiraizumi. Although gold was actively mined in the area from the late 11th until the early 14th century, few records of mining activity are available for the period thereafter until the 19th century. Numerous remains of small-scale pits dug into the surface soil to extract placer gold can still be seen in the area. In 1911, Tokuzo Yamamoto in Tokyo and another obtained an exploration right and began exploration. They smelted gold from previously mined ore and in the following year, applied to convert the right into a mining right. That year, Tsunekuni Mihara, a wealthy investor in Tokyo, purchased the mining rights and began mining operations three years later, shipping ore to the Hitachi Smelter and Refinery and Kanto Sanso Co., Ltd. Subsequently, Seiichi Totoki in Fukushima took over the rights in 1921 and began a joint management with Kuhara Mining Co., Ltd., later Nippon Mining Co., Ltd., in the following year, which led to the full-scale development of the mine. Afterwards, Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. acquired the rights in 1929 and later purchased Tsuya and Akaushi mines successively. Additionally, a flotation plant was constructed in 1935, increasing production to just under one tonne of contained gold. In 1939, the peak year, production reached 49,870 tonnes of concentrate and 1,058 kilograms of contained gold. However, the plant, whose capacity was repeatedly expanded, was dismantled under the Policy on the Arrangement of the Gold Mining Industry in 1943 and was transferred together with the mining rights to Imperial Mining Development Co., Ltd. Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. regained the rights in 1949 and constructed a cyanide plant equipped with gravity separation facilities two years later. Annual production remained at around 380 kilograms of contained gold. In 1962, the company initiated rationalization in response to trade liberalization and spun off its mining operations as separate companies. Amid decreasing production, Oya Mine Co., Ltd. was established and merged with Kohoku Mining Co., Ltd. two years later, expanding operations. However, the mine suspended its operations in 1971 due to the depletion of high-grade ore, except for beneficiation operations. The remains of the cyanide plant, built in 1951, can still be seen today.
closure in 1976
宮城県気仙沼市本吉町高瀬ヶ森
金、銀
Takasegamori, Motoyoshi Town, Kesennuma City, Miyagi
gold, silver
鉱業権は 1925 年(大正 14 年)に久原鉱業を代表とする共有名義に変更され、以降、その資本力と技術力を背景に急速に機械化が進展しました。 発電機の設置に伴って巻揚機や圧気機などの坑内設備が電化され、1926 年(昭和元年)には削岩機が導入されました。 同年に赤牛浜へと続く馬車軌道が敷設され、小舟を介して沖合の輸送船に積み替えられた精鉱は、塩釜港で陸揚げされ、鉄道で日立鉱山に向けて出荷されました。 その後、日本鉱業は気仙沼を新たな出荷拠点と定め、駅までの鉱石運搬にトラックを使用しました。 浮遊選鉱場が稼働を始めた 1935 年(昭和 10 年)以降、従業員数は生産量とともに増加を続け、1939 年(昭和 14 年)に 1,025 名を数えました。 選鉱場の周辺では鉱山事務所の他、36 棟 206 戸の長屋、合宿所、供給所、浴場、理髪所、診療所、運動場、遊具を備えた公園などが整備された一方、赤牛、岩尻ではそれぞれ 4 棟 22 戸の長屋が設けられました。
The mining rights were placed under joint ownership represented by Kuhara Mining Co., Ltd. in 1925. Thereafter, mechanization advanced rapidly at the mine with the capital and technical resources of the company. The introduction of generators led to the electrification of mining equipment, such as windlasses and compressors. In addition, rock drills were introduced in 1926. The same year, a horse-drawn tramway was constructed between the mine and Akaushi Beach, and concentrates were transshipped from small boats to steamers offshore for shipment to Shiogama Port. They were then shipped by railway to Hitachi mine. Later, under the management of Nippon Mining Co., Ltd., the shipping point shifted to Kesennuma Station, and ore was transported to the station by truck. From 1935 onward, the workforce increased along with production following the introduction of the flotation plant, reaching 1,025 employees in 1939. The settlement surrounding the plant included the mine office, 36 buildings with 206 company housing units, a lodging house, a company store, a company bathhouse, a barbershop, a clinic, sports fields, and a park with playground equipment. Meanwhile, the company provided four buildings with 22 housing units for miners each at Akaushi and Iwajiri.
Photographs of
Abandoned Oya Mine
鉱床は大谷本坑、赤牛、岩尻、津谷の 4 鉱床群に大別され、操業は多くの鉱脈が集中する本坑鉱床を中心に行われました…
The ore deposits were broadly divided into four groups, namely, Oya-Honko, Akaushi, Iwajiri, and Tsuya deposit groups. The mining operations were centered on the Honko deposit…
戦後、大谷では興北鉱山の鉱石処理を目的として 1961 年(昭和 36 年)に月産 1,000 t の浮遊選鉱場が新設されました…
In the postwar period, a new flotation plant with a monthly capacity of 1,000 tonnes was constructed at Oya mine in 1961 to process ores from Kohoku mine…
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